Iranian state media said Qeshm Island in the Strait of Hormuz had been struck.
Centcom said it also targeted Iran's Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) responsible for the attack that killed two US troops in Jordan on Friday, where another service member remains missing.
In response to the latest strikes, Iran's army said it carried out drone attacks on two US bases in Kuwait, according to state media. Bahrain has said it intercepted aerial attacks.
The US and Iran have ramped up attacks against each other in recent days, with both sides accused of striking critical infrastructure.
Washington has also reimposed its blockade of Iranian ports and Tehran has declared the Strait of Hormuz closed, as their preliminary ceasefire collapsed less than a month after it began.
On Sunday the IRGC said two vessels had ignored Iranian warnings not to transit the Strait of Hormuz and were consequently involved in "an accident". It warned that all vessels that are "influenced" by the US and "use unsafe routes" will "certainly face accidents".
On Sunday morning, the US embassy in Amman said Jordanian authorities had evacuated the international airport and seaport in the southern port city of Aqaba due to a "specific and credible threat", and strongly advised Americans to refrain from travelling to either.
The US military said its eighth successive night of attacks on Iran were "designed to further degrade Iran's ability to threaten commercial shipping in the Strait of Hormuz" and "swiftly punish Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps forces who launched attacks against American service members in Jordan last night".
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